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Various Aspects of Salaat
by G. A. Parwez
translated by Dr. Manzoor-ul-Haque

In the Monthly Tolu-e-Islam of November, 1953, there was some one’s paper in which he had corroborated the reality we have projected  - that the exposition of aqaa mate salaat is, in fact, the establishment of such a society where all the members go on obeying the Divine Laws from within. And thus along with the development of the personality of the individuals, their collective life, also goes on impregnating with the happy tidings and the exalted achievements. At the end of this paper, there was a ‘note of comprehension’ from Tolu-e-Islam, making elaboration of some of its points and showing disagreement on a few. It is being reproduced below. 

NOTE OF COMPREHENSION 

We are glad the sound we raised  - that the meaning of aqaa musasalaat is not only “to offer Namaaz-prayer” but its exposition is “establishment of Quranic Society encompassing all aspects of life” – has hung upon the lips of people far and wide. Bravo! May God bless more! Fal hamdo lillahe ala zaleka. 

Respected … is our corroborator in this count and his paper under discussion is the dissemination of this very call. But, with due respect, we slightly disagree on a point he has written at the end of his paper. Or in other words, in our opinion this point merits elaboration. As he has expressly written in his paper, Salaat, according to the Quran is a collective process through which a true Quranic Society is established. Even the meanings of Salaat are “balanced and continuous tempo and incessant obedience to the Divine Laws from the deepest recesses of heart.” And it is plain enough that this entity is collective, it is not individual in nature. 

INDIVIDUAL NAMAAZ – PRAYER 

So far our insight goes we do never find any glimpse of guidance for the Individual Salaat anywhere in the Quran. Factually the only difference between Collective Salaat and Individual Salaat in not that when a number of people offer Salaat together, it is called Collective Salaat, and when a single individual offer it privately – all alone – it is Individual Salaat. There is a basic difference between the two. Collective Salaat and Individual Salaat  - if the Individual Salaat could ever be called Salaat – are the exponents of two distinctly different concepts. The Collective Salaat is founded on this concept that the personality development of the individual, according to the Quran, can only be made within a society (and being an integral part of it too). And the exposition of Ibadaat is “unbiased and pure obedience to the Divine Laws” which (too) is possible within a society; it is not possible individually. On its contrary, the Individual Salaat is based on this concept that an individual can “purify the self” privately, being isolated from the society. And that the purpose of Ibaadat, which can be done privately, is to worship God. It is plain that both of these concepts from their genuine and foundation point of view are diametrically opposite to each other. The Quran is an echoing protest against the individual concept of life and a clarinet call for the collective concept of life. So it is not possible that the Quran which is a herald/procurer of Collective Salaat be simultaneously guide to the Individual Salaat and may tell of its benefits. The entity called Individual Salaat is, in fact, a benediction (not the Quranic Salaat, which is offered). 

EPISODE OF HAZRAT ZACHARIAH 

And even the episode of Hazrat Zachariah, Respected ……. has quoted as the example of the Individual Salaat, strictly enjoins upon it. The story of Hazrat Zachariah starts with the words humaa lika da’a Zakaria rabbo hoo (3: 37). Zachariah solicited benediction from his Nourisher and said: my Nourisher, bestow on me from Thy self a goodly offspring. (innaka samee udd’a) Thou hearest benediction. After this, as the story goes, it is given that he still stood soliciting benediction in the altar when God rejoiced him good news of the son. Fanadat-hu almala-ikatu wahuwa qa-imun yusallee fee almihrabi (3:39) 

The Quran has added the words wahuwa qa-imun yusallee fee almihrabi (3:39) – to tell that Zachariah had hardly vanquished his benediction when God blessed him with the confirmation. This matter has been elucidated in Surah Maryam – Zachariah’s soliciting of benediction, confirming of his benediction and getting the happy tidings of his son had all occurred at the same time. That is why when all this had happened, (fa khara ja al’a qaume hee min al meh rabe19: 11), Zachariah came out to his people from the altar. Therefore, in the story of Zachariah, the meaning of usalli fil mih rabe 3: 39 is not ‘to offer the Salaat in the Quran’s terminology’ but it is the ‘soliciting of benediction for the son.’ The word ‘Salaat’ for the meaning of benediction has been used at numerous places in the Quran. For example, salaato ka sakunn la hum 9:103 your benediction is a comfort for them. So this saying is then correct that Benediction * can be solicited individually. But to say that the Quranic Salaat can be offered collectively as well as individually will not be correct. Be it known that even the prayers - Namaazein – that we offer with congregation today (i e. puffed-up to be collective to your own) are Individual Salaat in the real sense. Its reason is that the basic concept involved in it is of ‘God’s worship’ and of ‘individual incarnation’. Hence, neither the separately offered Namaaz – prayer – of any individual, nor that of offered with congregation is the Quranic Salaat from the desired vantage ground of the Quranic. 

 TIME-RELATED CONGREGATION 

The Quran, in its program ‘the construction of society’ has elaborated this matter   - that for this purpose the necessary accessories are the time-related congregation where, after God’s appreciation, and adjudication of His obeisance and subordination, important matters are mutually consulted. These are called the time-related congregation of Salaat. That is why the order of ‘mutual consultation’ and ‘establishment of Salaat’ have come together. In Surah Shoora, says the Quran. 

Waallatheena istajaboo lirabbihim waaqamoo alssalata waamruhum shoora baynahum wamimma razaqnahum yunfiqoona (42:38) 

This is the group of the people who voluntarily leaping to the law of Nourishment of the Nourisher establish the system of Salaat and their matters are decided with mutual consultation. And whatever We have provided them, they keep it all open for the nourishment of the masses. 

The history stands witness to this fact that whenever there happened to be any important episode demanding immediate gathering, there was proclamation with these words: 

Assalaa-tul-jaam’ia

So, hearing these words the people used to assemble and the matter under discussion used to be considered. This makes it also clear as to what the exposition of assalaat was in those days. 

RECTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL SALAAT

After this, Respected …………. Sahib says, “If we can rectify Individual Salaat, which is more difficult, then the way can gradually be paved for the congregational Salaat.” The respected fellow did not explain: What does he mean by “the rectification of Individual Salaat?” This very sound (and approximately at the time of every Namaaz – prayer – from every mosque) is resonating to our ears since the last thousand years   - that you rectify your prayers. But no one tells as to what it means. The following is the exposition of the one calling in the mosques: 

Perform accurately fraaiz-o-waaji baat, sunnan, mustah baat etc of Namaaz

Perform its elements correctly

Keep this much distance between both the feet on standing

Raise your hands for Takbeer up to the lobule of your ears

Keep hands to such and such position while in Qeyaam

Observe this form while bending in ra’koo

Keep this posture while in Sajda etc. 

Ask any emphasizer in solitude, he will say, “Offer Namaaz –Prayer –with all supplication and humility; the presence of heart is imperative in it; the human should weep and beg for in whine to God with all humility and meekness.” It is plain that during this period of one thousand years, tens of thousands of such men have lived past who used to be very careful in accomplishing the elements of their Namaaz. (And even today, there will be thousands – if not the crores – of such men who are still keeping it up). And there was (and is) humility and supplication in their hearts. But in spite of it, those Namaazein – Prayers – could not produce the desired results (and neither are these producing today) which the Quran asserted to be the intrinsic bearings of the Salaat – and neither could those of the one whom the writer has mentioned with elegance and terseness in his paper. If you observe meticulously you will discern our real dilemma that we understood was: by rectifying the Individual Salaat, the results of the Quranic Salaat can be clinched. But, when the Individual Salaat is in no way the Quranic Salaat, how can by its rectification the results of the Quranic Salaat be attained? By inculcating “humility, supplication and presence of heart” in the Individual Prayer, what you optimally can do is that you may vehemently add up more towards terseness in your benediction and may accomplish the worship of God with wrapped attention. What more – than that – you can do by the rectification of the Individual Salaat? But the bearings, the Quran has mentioned, will not be sustained. There is no doubt in it that, when the Momineen obey the Divine Laws and injunctions from within through the system of Salaat, obeisance- from-within would not be merely mechanistic in nature, it would corroborate all soft chanting and intoning, supplication and beseeching. It means the “obedience from within” will emanate from the deepest recesses of the heart, soaking deep into the very droplets of the blood and the radiant consequence so attained by the obeisance- from-within will become the genuine source of real mirth and veracious composure for the human. In this way, both the visio-intellect and the passions of the human will accomplish the genuine equanimity by this very system of Salaat. But when this system of Salaat vanishes, the “material-worshipers of the world,” do attain the life facilities by virtue of their intellectual chicaneries and hence get satisfaction of their passions. And the “Religionists” gain the sang-froid of their passions by the individual worship. When the Quran said 

Fakhalafa min baAAdihim khalfun adaAAoo alssalata waittabaAAoo alshshahawati fasawfa yalqawna ghayyan             (19: 59)

I.e. After the Anbiya, their followers wasted the Salaat, and followed lasciviousness, licentiousness, wantonness, so its consequence was destruction and devastation. Then by the word itte ba-e-shahawaat – “the following of lasciviousness, licentiousness” - meant “these people wanted the satisfaction of their passions by other mechanisms – means and ways – instead of Divine Laws”. This was the very blunder they committed. It may be clarified here that the satisfaction of the passions in line with what the Quran says is not bad. The bad in it is that this satisfaction is accomplished by the non-Divine mechanisms – means and ways. The one of the means of satisfying the passions is the establishment of Salaat, which cherishes the attainment of physical facilities of the world. But the genuine satisfaction of the human passion is by means of integration and consolidation of human personality. 

MYSTICISM 

Crowning satisfaction of passions on ones own by wasting the Salaat is the second mechanism. This is an erroneous errand. It is also clear that the human passions are not restrained to the “animal passions” alone. They include those “sacred passions”, the satisfaction of which the religionists attain by means of individual worship (The Quran has denoted it with the term mysticism). Hence, in mysticism if “Individual Salaat” (i.e. the mechanism for gaining serenity by worshiping God) could not bring Allah’s prescribed-pleasant-consequences (for which Allah had proclaimed that He had not ordered it for), then how can the same phenomenon, among us, prove to be a surety for the goodness of consequences? Though how much elegantly it might have been made valid and reliable!

LINK WITH ALLAH

It is usually said that the individual worship is a mean for establishing link with Allah. First of all, it ought to be seen: what does the link with Allah mean? If it means let the human start feeling in heart that he is developing link with Allah, then how can these individual feelings be made to adhere to the Namaaz – prayer – alone? The followers of every religion claim that the ibaadat of God or worship of ish’war ingrain the feeling: our link with God or the supreme ish’war is being established. Coming down to our own situations, we find every religionist claiming that the Mantras and mumbo- jumbos, which his spiritual guide tells him secretly, pays to promote the relationship with Allah. Then how can you say that their claim of relationship with Allah is wrong and yours is right? When the proof of claim is the feeling of ones own heart, then what prerogative do you hold to make any decision about the feelings of some one other’s heart as simply the feelings of falsehood? So this very exposition of link with Allah is non-Quranic and this very phenomenon is the root cause of the false religionism on the globe. The link of Man with Allah is through one mean only and that is the Revelation alone. Today the Revelation, under this firmament is enshrined in the Quran only. So the Quran is the only mean of link with Allah. When we obey the Quran from within, our link with Allah is established. Now the question is whether or nor we are obeying correctly the Quran from within. Its criterion is the very consequences that the Quran has installed as the compulsory bearings of its intrinsic obedience. This is the only correct link with Allah! If the Quran does not remain in-between, no human can establish any link with Allah. (The only direct mean of link with Allah was the Revelation, which has been concluded all through.) 

WHAT TO DO NOW 

Now comes the question, the most difficult in the life of every person, desirous of bringing true change in the present go of the Muslims. The question is whatever is happening among the Muslims by the name of religion is not impregnated with the consequences the Quran compulsorily insinuates as the natural bearing of Islamic life. And what ought to be done in accordance with the Quran is non-existent today. (If struggle is initiated for it even right from today, it will require a long time to bear its fruit). So what is to be done for this interim period? Should what-is-being-done be allowed to continue or be abandoned all together and struggle for the establishment of the Quranic system of life is initiated? This question is the real miasma of confusion in the mind of every one whose heart vigorously hankers after the true Quranic revolution. Among the people longing for revolution in the world are mostly the ones whose past is stuck with the ‘mire’ from which they want to get out on their own. And they long to let the others be out of it and hold their expectations struck deep to the future, they are struggling for its revamping. So they have to remain in the whimsical mode – the interval of life between death and the resurrection. It means their breast-piece nails the claw of the past and by future the other’s rent. Most amongst them, not enduring this anguish and trouble-shooting jostling, revert to the past. And a few among them are the ones who catch hold of the vehement Divine grace for being totally cut off from their environment completely and comprehensively and adhere to the future, the kernel of their hopes. Within this interval of life betwixt death and resurrection, usually the heart throngs that the past is not totally cut off and the future is come by still nearer to the present. But the Angel of revolution is very hard hearted. It does not know how to compromise. The urge on its part is to make this a pronouncement that: 

Innee wajjahtu wajhiya lillathee fatara alssamawati waal-arda haneefan wama ana mina almushrikeena (6: 79) 

Having my link cut off from every nook and corner, I have turned my face purely to the Law of Allah who is the originator of the heavens and the earth and in this way I have cut off the very life vein of idolatry. 

Beyond this declaration, it does not acknowledge any other pronouncement. To it the operational mode is: 

                        If you could not have access to it, then all else is vain and false 

So the people, desirous of the Quranic Code of life to be re-established among us today, and are the harbingers of this revolution now, would have to decide this significant question once for all. If they discern that whatever is being done, does not conform to the teachings of the Quran, they would have to announce it unequivocally in open words whether their own (notwithstanding of others) passions may even be injured fiercely. And if they understand that whatever is being done today, will conform to the Quranic Order of life after a little bit of pruning and purloining, we are reluctant to concede to. With our own slight vision, we have reached the conclusion that it will never pave way to the Quranic revolution. 

NATIONAL STATURE 

But concurrent to it, Tolu-e-Islam unleashes another entity as well. Whatever is happening by the name of religion has lost the essence of Deen. It has become a sort of symbol as the stature of our national steak only. Take the example of Kalima Laa-e-la ha illa lulla ho Muhammad-ur-rasool-ul-la he – it is the foundation stone of the edifice of Deen. From Deen’s point of view, its meanings are  

I proclaim this stark grandeur of reality that there is no Sovereignty other than Allah’s in the universe, so my life too will remain toned down under its canopy, I will never submit to any other law and sovereignty. And this law we are bestowed with is through the agency of the Messengerhood of Muhammad (S); it is enshrined in the Quran

This is the exposition of Kalimah from the vantage ground of Deen. It is obvious that in our case, this Kalimah has lost its meaning Deen has ascribed to it. But it has attuned such a type of our national stature that whoever acknowledges this Kalimah, we consider him as a member of the Muslin community and whoever refutes it, we judge him as an outcast of this community. It is with the common denominator of this Kalimah that the Muslims residing in the various parts of the world perceive an invisible inkling of oneness amongst them. (Though, under the impact of non-Quranic concept of life, the Muslims of the world have segregated into different outfits according to their national, racial, geographical and political divisions). It means the Kalimah has become our national trait. The same is the case with the elements of Deen, e.g. Namaaz – Prayers –, Rouza – Fasting –, Hajj, Zakah etc. All these have lost their meaningfulness from the vantage ground of Deen and have attained the symbol of our national stature. Since the national traits, to some extent, are the source of enlivening the perception of harmony among the individuals, Tolu-e-Islam considers it essential that   -during the phase, we strive for the construction of the true Quranic Society  -these national traits be transmitted in the same mode (except those contradictory to the Quran). It will (as has been written above) at least keep the perception of harmony among the various segments of the people. If we succeed in the construction of the Quranic Social Order, these very national statures will become the elements of Deen and will start conforming to the same consequences the Quran has orchestrated. This is the sole aim for which Tolu-e-Islam fervors to bolster these traits and encumbers strictly either to make them extinct or to hatch disintegration and exploitation in the nation by making changes and/or modifications in them. Those who struggled, prior to us, to invite to the teaching of the Quran (May Allah bless them with reward for their good intentions and ingenious efforts), it looks as if they had not to construct the Quranic Social Order. They simply wanted to transform the present (non-Quranic) jurisprudence into the Quranic jurisprudence. The end result of this struggle was (as it had to be) that instead of causing any change to orchestrate in the society, there emerged further vehemence in the gut wrenched dissension and schism in the nations. The count before Tolu-e-Islam is the construction of the Quranic Social Order. If the Quranic Order is established, it will itself incorporate the jurisprudencial details, the necessary changes that stand as the requirements of its time. 

THE CORRECT POSITION OF THE ELEMENTS OF ISLAM 

This is not the job that we are supposed to do. That is why Tolu-e-Islam wants to keep the present religious elements intact. But simultaneously, it keeps on harping the fact that their position is only of our national statures - these will attain the position of Deen, when these emanate to conform to the consequences elaborated in the Quran. And all these things are not possible till the Social Order is constructed on the lines of the Quran. The Quran, while adjudicating Kitaab with Hikmah as the revelation from Allah (i.e. Allah has revealed the Kitaab and Hikmah both in the Quran), has pointed to a stark fact. Kitaab means Law and Hikmah means The-why-of-it i.e. it has said, “Do this so that this may occur.” “Do this” is a Law and “so that this may occur” is The-why-of-this-Law. This very phenomenon is called the Consequence of the Law. So wherever the Quran has said, “Law is from Allah,” it has itself mentioned the Consequences, which are impregnated in the Law itself. It is done so that we may at every step go on evaluating whether or not we are following the Law correctly and precisely. If the same Consequences, which the Quran has defined, are concurring as a result of following the Law from within, take it granted that the Law is being followed correctly. But if those Consequences are not emerging, then be sure that the Law is not being observed correctly and precisely. (If within the purview of your own notion, how finely you have been observing it and how delicately your passions are being satisfied!)  

 CONSEQUENCES ARE THE STANDARD

The previous nations were not annihilated because these had refused to obey the laws of their Deen. They were ruined just because the way they were obeying the laws were not bringing the results for which these laws were given. Even then they used to discern that they were obeying the laws correctly. For example (the Quran stands witness to it) the Anbiya of Nabi Israeel ordered their nation to “establish the Salaat.” The Jews are offering Namaaz – Prayer - till date. The Christians too are offering Namaaz – Prayer. It can be accepted that the form of their present Namaaz – Prayer – may be the same, it was in the burgeoning of their society. But in spite of that the Quran says that they “lost their Salaat” (azaa-us-salaata) and were so ruined. The question arises as to what mistake they committed that in spite of maintaining the form of Salaat, the Quran says they lost the Salaat. Their mistake was that they did not evaluate whether or not their Salaat was bringing forth the consequences the Quran had orchestrated. Their Salaat had abandoned brewing up the consequences from the moment they accepted Salaat as the individual benediction (or worship) in stead of the mean for establishing their society on the lines of Deen. Hence the word “Prayer” or “worship” is used for Salaat in their literature. (Exactly the same has become the position of our Namaaz, which we call as “Individual Salaat.”) 

So in order to see whether or not the elements of our religion have become the integral parts of Deen, we would have to see whether or not those consequences are concurring to what the Quran has orchestrated in detail. Unless and until these laws, symbols epitomizing Deen, draw to those consequences, these elements merit no value in Deen – these simply hold the status of national statures alone. 

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PREVALENT NAMAAZ HAS LESSENED

Now come to the question, often we are asked (as an objection and some times as a taunt on us). That question is: from the time Tolu-e-Islam has raised its voice for “the system of Salaat,” the significance of present Namaaz has lessened from the hearts of the people so much so that those offering Namaaz in the mosques have decreased in number. First of all understand this point that this is our view – that the voice of Tolu-e-Islam is being given more significance than in the realm of reality it deserves for. If, in the opinion of these fellows, it is because of Tolu-e-Islam that the importance of the present Namaaz has been lessened, even then it is exaggerating to say it is due to the impact of this voice that the number of those offering Namaaz in the mosques has decreased. It is a fact that the owners of the religion, right from the beginning, have been picking up this mode that whenever the people start digressing or going astray from any one of their beliefs or precepts, they stare decisis. And do not think of the type of flaw they have committed that has lost its attraction. They always quip, “Who should be blamed it for?” So they easily search out the antagonist of this “true Sharia” and judging him as the infidel and the irreligious make the masses hex him. And then, within the realm of their own views, they become satisfied that they have saved the crumbling edifice of this belief or precept with it. This very phenomenon is happening today. Our youth is not only fed up with our worn out (and man made) religion, but is also becoming abhorrent of the character of the religion-carriers. And these fellows, instead of evaluating their lofty airs and doings, are deceiving others (and perhaps themselves) by saying that they are not at fault, it is all the impact of “Schism-spread” of Tolu-e-Islam. 

Be it the religious or any other aspect of life, the fact is that the human being can keep perpetuating just to the matters   -not manifesting any concrete results  -to that moment of time only till he feels ‘an emergence of a pinch in his heart’ that has what-he-does eventually reeked with any reward? (Because of the numerous reasons) at our times, this question has gushed forth to our forefront that every action necessarily breads some result. Firstly, the advancing researches in science, at every step, have spurred unfolding that the movement of even a leaf in the universe does not remain unbraiding of its result. Secondly, the victories of the West have compelled the oppressed nations think as to what the secret of wielding the power in the western nations is. In case of the Muslims in Pakistan, one more cause has been added to. Prior to the partitioning of India, there was no question of safety of life for the Muslims even. There we understood de jure that the safety of India and that of its residents is the sole responsibility of the British’s. So we had no need to worry for the requirements of the time and the mishaps we are to face. With the existence of Pakistan, the scenario was totally transformed. Now the state of affairs is that no sooner did we sense any danger anywhere than we envision running a risk that we are in its trap. In these circumstances, whosoever has a speck of self-preservation in heart is compelled to think what is the consequence of what we are doing? 

WHAT THE CONSEQUENCE IS 

You would have thought that the leaders’ speeches, statements, promises or the resolutions of the different parties and even the plans of the Government could not provide satisfaction to the masses. Every one puts this question: Tell us, what is the result of what you say or what you do? It is evident that when the entire atmosphere is infested with such type of thinking then the religious activities would definitely inchoate a feeling as to what is the consequence of these activities in the long run? Mulla’s   -religion antagonist’s  -response to the question is that these activities pay to provide Allah’s pleasure. But this response does not cherish any reposing to the human of the day. Firstly, this type of God’s concept the Mullah depicts is the concept of an autocrat, who makes the masses, work for his ends, none other else. Secondly, this makes the youth of the day think what a strange phenomenon it is that those seeking God’s pleasure are the disgraced and the mean of the meanest in the world, and the nations not even acknowledging the existence of God are wielding power and dignity day by day. Since our youth do not get its satisfying answer from the rank and file in the realm of religion, it is relinquishing the religious activities. This is the genuine reason of this reality: 

Mosques bewail the non-chanting of the sacrosanct given to the prayers. 

Its reason is not the Tolu-e-Islam. You will find tens of thousands of the young ones who have never heard of Tolu-e-Islam. They too have risen against the religious activities. The only “fault” of Tolu-e-Islam is that it has made the Quran wide open to its rank and file. They find ‘every action breeds its consequence’ writ large on every page of the Quran. The rise and fall of the nations is the consequence of their own deeds, called the religious activities. These activities gush forth their consequences just like the manner the other activities conform to their natural consequences. Disgrace and opprobrium is the chastisement if God, Honor and power, riches and accoutrements are His blessing. The consequences of human actions betide in the lifetime of this world and continually sustain their impact in the life Hereafter as well. This is what Tolu-e-Islam has delivered. If anyone pronounces: ‘had Tolu-e-Islam not made the Quran wide open as such, the people would have not had this sort of inquisitiveness and intrusiveness,’ Tolu-e-Islam definitely acknowledges this censure. Now the only entity worth considering at disposal is: Should the Quran be interdicted so that the Muslims (being ignorant of the Quran) may continue performing the unrewarding religious activities as usual? Or should the Quran be prolifically made wide spread among the masses so that they may become constrained to think as to how can the Quranic consequences be ingrained in these unrewarding actions? In this regard, we want to entreat this alone if we excommunicated the Quran, the persons having become rebellious of the unresulting religious function due to the prevalent exigencies of the time, will continue their belligerence. And other people will go on mounting in count among their rank and file (because you can not change the course of time with all your deceptive underpinnings). But concurrently this class of people will also rise against the Quran (as is a class of people existing today, not only against the present Namaaz and fasting but also against God and revelation.) But if you made the Quran unfolding to them, it can be expected they will not go against Islam, for the Quran has the potential to hold back such diverges. During this crucial period, Tolu-e-Islam struggles for this purpose alone. The rest is if some one says that he has abandoned the present religious functions (Namaaz, fasting etc.) only because Tolu-e-Islam instigates against, he tells a big lie. He himself wanted to abandon these functions. It is his timidity, pusillanimity that he does not accept it openly and wants to hide himself in the garb of Tolu-e-Islam. (November, 1953) 

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 *.      The explanation of what-is-the-exposition-of-Benediction-according-to-the-Quran will come some where else.